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Besides cotton mills, the Chinese in Shanghai own two important shipbuilding dockyards, the Kiangnan Dock and Engineering Works and the Nicholas Tsu Engineering and Shipbuilding Works.* They also have fifty-six silk filatures, fourteen flour mills, eleven larger and thirty smaller rice mills, five oil mills, two woollen factories, paper mills, match factories, cigarette factories. a canned goods factory, and a saw mill.
The Japanese, besides their cotton mills, have a flour mill, a paper mill and an oil mill; and the principal Japanese tobacco company is going to establish a factory shortly to compete with the British-American interests.
American companies have three albumen factories, and a soap and candle works. The China Lamp Company, which has a factory for electric light bulbs, is half Japanese and half American. The China Electric Company, which manufactures telephone apparatus, has Chinese, Japanese and American capital interested. The German brewery is now Norwegian; and there was a German soap and candle works.
3. Hankow
British Cigarette Company. Cigarette factory.
Hankow Light and Power Company. Electric light works.
Pao Tai Soap Factory. Soap factory.
Liddell Brothers and Co. Wool-cleaning and press-packing factory, Mackenzie and Co. Wool-cleaning and press-packing factory.
International Export Company. Cold storage and albumen factory. Hankow Ice Works. Ice factory.
Hankow Motor and Engineering Company. Motor car and carriage factory. Hankow Dispensary (Limited). Aerated water factory.
Wilson and Co. Aerated water factory.
The Yangtsze Engineering Works (shipbuilding and engineering), one of the leading concerns of its kind in China, is a British company under Chinese management.
Except for connection with this last important business, British industrial interests are not so well represented in this second great manufacturing centre of China:t and up to the war German interests were very conspicuous here. The Germans have, or had, two antimony smelting works, a brick and tile works, an engine and ironworks, a small electric light plant, a saw mill and five albumen factories. The Russians have five tea factories and an antimony smelting works. The French have an albumen factory, a distillery and a carriage factory. The Belgians have an albumen factory. The Americans have a candle factory (belonging to the Standard Oil Company), an albumen factory and a wool-cleaning and press- packing factory. The Japanese have a wool-cleaning and press-packing factory, an electric light plant and an oil mill,
The Japanese have also, through loans and through the 1915 treaty with China, acquired a preponderant interest in the great undertakings of the Hanyehping Company, which is the overshadowing industrial concern of Hankow. These include the Tayeh iron mines and the Pinghsiang collieries, besides the Hanyang iron and steel works, the Hanyang crucible steel factory, and the new industrial city at Wang Shih Kang. which is to provide for the expansion of the blast furnaces and other work. The company is under contract to supply the Japanese Government iron- works with 600,000 tons iron-ore and 200,000 tons pig-ironi per annum.
But the principal contributors to the industrial progress of the city are the Chinese themselves. Besides the Hanyehping, they own the Hanyang arsenal and the Government antimony smelting works. three engineering works (including the Yangtsze Engineering Works), the Government mint, the Government powder factory, the Hupeh Government wool factory, three cotton mills, six flour mills, one silk filature, ten oil mills, two railway works, two brick and tile works, four candle factories, one cement works, five albumen factories, five electric light plants, one glass factory, two match factories, one nail and needle factory, one China glass and jute mill. two paper mills. five soap factories, two saw mills, one tannery, one tea factory and one waterworks. A Chinese concern intends shortly to erect one of the largest cotton mills in China at Wuchang.
• These works are now under French control.
+ In 1921 His Majesty's Commercial Counsellor writes (Peking despatch No. 352 of the 25th June, 1921) The development of Hankow since I left the port five years ago is quite remarkable and I think it may safely be placed second to Shanghai as the most important centre of British interests in China."
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4. Tientsin.
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The Kailan Mining Administration (Sino-British capital £3,200,000). Coal mines, bricks, pipes. tiles, &c., iron-mining concessions and iron and steel works (projected).
Fu-Chung Corporation (Sino-British: capital $1,000,000 nominal). Selling
agents for Peking Syndicate Collieries.
Taku Tug and Lighter Company. Dockyards, shipbuilding, &c. Tientsin Lighter Company. Dockyards, shipbuilding, &c.
Eastern Engineering Works. Central heating, plumbing and artesian well
boring.
Adair, Grahan and Co. Central heating, sanitary engineers and plumbers. Yang Tsun Brickworks. Brickworks.
Tientsin Gas and Electric Light Company. Gas and electric light works. Tientsin Waterworks Company (Limited). Waterworks.
Tientsin Native City Waterworks Company (Limited). Waterworks. Liddell Brothers and Co Wool-cleaning and press-packing factory. Mackenzie and Co. Wool-cleaning and press packing factory. Jardine, Matheson and Co. Wool-cleaning and press-packing factory. William Forbes and to. Wool-cleaning and press-packing factory. Collins and Co. Wool-cleaning and press-packing factory.
Wilson and Co. Wool-cleaning and press-packing factory. Hall and Holtz, Furniture factory.
Sims and Co. Furhiture factory.
Crystal (Limited). Aerated water factory.
A. Mackie and Co. Aerated water factory.
Sparklis Aerated Water Factory (Limited). Aerated water factory. White Star Aerated Water Factory. Aerated water factory. Tientsin Press (Limited). Printing works.
North China Printing and Publishing Company. Printing works, Ching Tsin Tai Wo Shih Pao. Printing works.
Of foreign establishments in Tientsin the Germans have, or had, three tobacco factories. four wool-cleaning and press-packing factories and two printing works. The Belgians operate the tramway and the electric light in the French and Japanese concessions, and they also have a brickworks. The Italians have an oil mill and a cement works. The French have an engineering works, a brick and tile works, an albumen factory and a soap factory. The Russians have a cold storage, meat- packing and albumen factory and a soap factory. The Americans have a candle factory (Standard Oil Company), a flour mill and a new cold storage, meat-packing and albumen factory. The Japanese have an ironworks (Mitsui and Co.), a cigarette factory, a tannery, an oil mill, a flour mill, two glass factories and three printing works (English, Japanese and Chinese).
Chinese undertakings in and round Tientsin include the Government mint, the Government arsenals at Techow and Taiyuanfu, the workshops connected with the Peking-Mukden railway and the Peking-Hankow railway, the Government woollen cloth factory, six large cotton mills. the Tientsin spinning factory, a cement works, two match factories, a tannery, a leather factory, a tobacco factory, a soap and candle factory and a brewery.
We find. therefore, in the four great centres of modern industry in China-
1. At Hong Kong, British interests hold almost a monopoly.
2. At Shanghai, they are very extensive, especially in engineering and cotton-
spinning. 3. At Hankow, they are very considerable.
4. At Tientsin, they preponderate over any other Power except the Chinese
themselves.
The following is a list of British concerns in other Chinese cities:- Canton.-A. S. Watson and Co. Aerated water factory. Kiukiang-Duff's Dairy Farm.
canning.
Amoy
Dairy produce, curing of hams and bacon and
A. S. Watson and Co. Aerated water factory. New Amoy Dock Company. Ships' repairs. [7320 00]
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